Observational studyRevista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo2026
Epidemiological profile of urinary tract infections in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study.
Observational study in Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the epidemiological, microbiological, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children admitted to a pediatric service.
methodsThis retrospective ecological study included patients under 12 years of age admitted to a Brazilian university hospital with a diagnosis of UTI based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Two periods were analyzed: 2018-2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2022-2023 (pandemic period).
resultsA total of 8007 urine cultures were analyzed, of which 203 met criteria for UTI (128 in the first and 75 in the second period). A higher proportion of neonates was observed in the second period. Escherichia coli remained the predominant pathogen. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed an increase in frequency (p=0.02) and resistance (p<0.001), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa also increased in frequency (p=0.02) and resistance (p=0.01). The susceptibility profile of other pathogens remained stable, with persistently high sensitivity to amikacin, meropenem, and third-generation cephalosporins.
conclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic period was associated with changes in the epidemiological and microbiological profile of pediatric UTIs. The increased frequency of healthcare-associated pathogens highlights the importance of continuous microbiological surveillance and rational antimicrobial use in pediatric practice.
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