ArticlePLOS global public health2026
Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Loreto, Peru, 2015-2023: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Loreto, Peru, unsuccessful treatment outcomes among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remain high, underscoring the need to identify associated factors in this Amazonian region. This retrospective cohort study included 417 DR-TB cases registered in the national TB system in Loreto between 2015 and 2023. Loss to follow-up, death, and treatment failure were combined into a single composite outcome variable defined as unsuccessful treatment outcome. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and programmatic factors and this outcome. Among the 417 cases analyzed, 49.5% had unsuccessful treatment outcomes: 34.1% due to loss to follow-up, 3.6% due to treatment failure, and 11.8% due to death. Loss to follow-up was the main driver of unsuccessful outcomes, suggesting important gaps in continuity of care and adherence support within the regional health system. In bivariate analyses, unsuccessful outcomes were associated with age 18-30 years (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.6-8.5; p = 0.002), TB-HIV coinfection (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.6; p = 0.012), previous treatment after loss to follow-up (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.6-5.2; p < 0.001), high bacillary load (+++) (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0-3.5; p = 0.041), alcoholism (OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 1.5-14.1; p = 0.006), and drug addiction (OR: 7.0; 95% CI: 2.0-24.2; p = 0.002). In the multivariable analysis, alcoholism remained independently associated with unsuccessful outcomes (aOR: 4.0; 95% CI: 1.1-14.2; p = 0.029), while individualized treatment was associated with lower odds of unsuccessful outcomes (aOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.1-0.9; p = 0.023). Unsuccessful treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients in Loreto were mainly driven by loss to follow-up, highlighting persistent gaps in treatment continuity and adherence support. Programmatic priorities should include decentralized access to drug-susceptibility testing, community-based adherence strategies, and integrated screening and management of alcohol use within DR-TB care.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.