SynthesisActa oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)2026
Immune-checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: two case reports and systematic review of the literature.
Synthesis in Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
background and purposeImmune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve outcomes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including cutaneous toxicity. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare but clinically significant irAE that can require ICI discontinuation. Patient/material and methods: We report two cases of BP in patients with metastatic RCC treated with ICIs at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. In addition, a systematic review was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify published cases of ICI-associated BP in metastatic RCC. Data on patient characteristics, treatment, clinical presentation, diagnostics, management, and outcomes were extracted and descriptively analysed.
resultsTwenty-eight publications describing 30 cases were identified. Median age at BP onset was 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 65-73), and 86.7% were male. Nivolumab was the most commonly reported ICI monotherapy. Median time from ICI initiation to BP onset was 35 weeks (IQR 16-76). Typical manifestations included tense bullae and vesiculobullous eruptions on the trunk and extremities. Diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and immunological testing in 80% of cases. Management mainly involved corticosteroids, while ICI interruption or discontinuation was required in over half the cases. Both patients from our center improved after immunosuppressive treatment.
interpretationICI-associated BP is a rare but important irAE in metastatic RCC, often occurring after prolonged ICI exposure and potentially requiring treatment modification. Early recognition may improve multidisciplinary management.
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