Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles-Loaded Collagen-L-Lysine Matrices in Gel and Spray Formulations for Improved Skin Wound Repair.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are emerging as valuable candidates in biomedical research, offering advantages such as cost-effectiveness, eco-friendly preparation methods, and superior biocompatibility. Owing to the challenges in the treatment of chronic skin injury, this study utilizes biogenic AgNPs (synthesized using Shilajit as a reducing and stabilizing agent) to develop gel and spray formulations (constituting fish collagen and l-lysine) for wound-healing applications. FTIR analysis indicated the involvement of functional groups from the Shilajit extract in synthesizing crystalline spherical AgNPs of 140-160 nm diameter. EDAX analysis reported 0.6% (by weight) silver in both formulations, with major elemental peaks for nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen, indicating the presence of polysaccharides. The MTT assay on HDFa cells confirmed that both preparations were nontoxic, as validated by FDA staining, which signified intact cell morphology. In vivo findings demonstrated that ShilAgNPs-Fcol-Lys formulations promote rapid wound closure, effective extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, advanced neovascularization, and improved tissue remodeling compared with controls and standard treatments. Well-organized collagen deposition and efficient remodeling were confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry, with the spray formulation performing better than the gel. Thus, ShilAgNPs-Fcol-Lys formulations offer a biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective alternative for treating deep excisional wounds.