Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42713881›Full record

SynthesisMicrobiologyOpen2026

Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Co-Resistance Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Simachew Getaneh Endalamew, Sofiya Ayalew Kebede, Solomon Keflie Assefa, Adem Tsegaw Zegeye, Belayneh Jejaw Abate, Dejen Kahsay Asgedom, Eliyas Addisu Taye, Endalew Minwuye Andargie, Eyob Akalewold Alemu, Halima Ayalew Kebede and 4 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in MicrobiologyOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Simachew Getaneh EndalamewDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2692-7394
Sofiya Ayalew KebedeDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8620-5565
Solomon Keflie AssefaDepartment of Public Health, Pawi Health Science College, Pawi, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6988-9471
Adem Tsegaw ZegeyeDepartment of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Belayneh Jejaw AbateUniversity of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7649-2830
Dejen Kahsay AsgedomDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5777-1269
Eliyas Addisu TayeDepartment of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1561-072X
Endalew Minwuye AndargieDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Eyob Akalewold AlemuDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Halima Ayalew KebedeDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0417-5716
Alebachew Tilahun WassieDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-6606
Andnet Yirga AssefaDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-7260
Yihenew Getahun AmbawDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-3902
Helen Brhan AlemawDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasopharyngeal carriage is a major global health concern linked to severe infections and transmission. However, comprehensive evidence on the burden of MRSA carriage, antimicrobial resistance, and associated risk factors in Ethiopia remains limited. This study aimed to estimate pooled prevalence, resistance pattern, and determinants of nasopharyngeal MRSA carriage. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and gray literature were searched for cross-sectional studies published between January 2015 and December 2025. Two groups of reviewers screened studies based on predefined criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Pooled prevalence and resistance proportions were estimated using a random-effects model, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted. A total of 1040 records were identified, and 20 studies (6869 participants) were included. The pooled carriage prevalence was 7.3% (95% CI, 5.0-10.8), with substantial heterogeneity (I

Indexed as

Carrier StateMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusNasopharynxStaphylococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsEthiopiaHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrevalenceRisk FactorsAnti-Bacterial Agentsantimicrobial resistanceEthiopiamethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureusnasopharyngeal carriagesystematic review and meta‐analysis

Identifiers

PMID42713881
PMCPMC13555809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.