Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42713824›Full record

SynthesisHuman psychopharmacology2026

A Systematic Review and a VigiBase Study of Accidental Clozapine Intoxications in Children and Adolescents.

Sara Jiménez-Fernández, Carlos De Las Cuevas, Emilio J Sanz, Jose de Leon

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Human psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sara Jiménez-FernándezDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias Federico Olóriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1515-2413
Carlos De Las CuevasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), University of la Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5742-905X
Emilio J SanzDepartment of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad de la Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6788-4435
Jose de LeonMental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7756-2314

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aimed to: (1) systematically review published cases of accidental clozapine poisoning in children and adolescents, and (2) study accidental pediatric clozapine intoxications reported to VigiBase, the global pharmacovigilance database.

methodsA systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, and a retrospective analysis of accidental pediatric clozapine intoxication cases was performed using VigiBase.

resultsA systematic review identified 5 studies describing 8 cases of accidental clozapine ingestion in children aged 10 months to 10 years. The most common clinical manifestations were acute neuro-respiratory complications. One fatality was reported, in a two-year-old child. The VigiBase observational analysis included 32 accidental intoxication cases, 3 in adolescents and 29 in children under seven years of age. Among adolescents, all cases resulted from in-hospital medication administration errors; none were fatal. In the children, nearly half required prolonged hospitalization, and 2 resulted in death due to aspiration pneumonia or cardiopulmonary failure.

conclusionsAccidental clozapine poisoning in pediatric populations, although rare, can result in severe and potentially life-threatening outcomes, particularly in very young children. At home, preventive strategies are essential to reduce accidental overdose. The 3 cases of hospitalized adolescents are relatively recent, and many hospitals currently have systems in place to prevent medication errors.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsClozapineDrug OverdoseAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDatabases, FactualHumansInfantMedication ErrorsPharmacovigilanceRetrospective StudiesAntipsychotic AgentsClozapineadolescentchildclozapine/adverse effectsclozapine/toxicitydrug overdose

Identifiers

PMID42713824
PMCPMC13555656

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.