ArticleIndian journal of psychiatry2026
Effectiveness of fluoxetine and mindfulness therapy in improving depression in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care Settings (DIAMAND)-A single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial from Bengaluru.
Article in Indian journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share a bidirectional relationship. This comorbidity is associated with poor glycemic control, reduced medication adherence, and impaired quality of life. Evidence comparing pharmacological and psychological interventions for mild depression in T2DM within primary care settings remains limited. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Fluoxetine, Mindfulness therapy, combination Fluoxetine + Mindfulness, and treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing depressive symptoms among individuals with T2DM and mild depression. Methods: This single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted among individuals ( Results: Depressive symptoms improved significantly over time across all study arms; and no significant between-group differences were observed in depression outcomes. No significant differences were found between groups for glycemic control, medication adherence, diabetes self-management, or quality of life. Effect sizes for reduction in depressive symptoms compared with TAU were 0.48 for Mindfulness, 0.45 for fluoxetine, and 0.31 for combination treatment. Conclusions: In this RCT, depressive symptoms and medication adherence improved across all study arms; however, none demonstrated superiority over TAU. Mindfulness-based interventions may represent feasible, scalable, low-intensity approaches for mild depression in primary care settings. Future adequately powered studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate long-term effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological interventions.
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