ArticleJournal of sports science & medicine2026
The Influence of Structured Multisport Activities at Different Weekly Frequencies on the Gross Motor Development of Preschool Children: Evidence for a Dose-Response Relationship.
Article in Journal of sports science & medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
This study investigates the association between participation in structured multisport activities at different weekly frequencies and gross motor development in preschool children, aiming to provide practical evidence for promoting gross motor skills in early childhood. A total of 63 preschool children were classified into four groups according to their weekly participation frequency in structured multisport activities: the low-frequency group (L; up to 1 session/week, with intermittent participation; n = 16), the medium-frequency group (M; fixed participation in 1 session/week, with occasional participation in a second session; n = 15), the medium-high-frequency group (MH; fixed participation in 2 sessions/week, with occasional participation in a third session; n = 18), and the high-frequency group (H; fixed participation in ≥ 3 sessions/week; n = 14). All groups participated in a 12-week structured multisport activity program (60 minutes per session). Gross motor development was assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3). A 2 (Time: pre- vs. post-intervention) × 4 (Group: L/M/MH/H) mixed-design ANOVA was applied to evaluate changes in each gross motor development outcome within and between groups. After the 12-week intervention, (1) the total score of gross motor development showed a significant Time × Group interaction (p < 0.01, η
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