Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2026
Real-world experience with belimumab in lupus nephritis: insights from the Spanish cohort.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
45 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Belimumab has emerged as a therapeutic option for lupus nephritis (LN); however, real-world evidence on its effectiveness remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of belimumab and to identify renal and immunological predictors of response in Spanish patients with LN. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study including patients with biopsy-confirmed LN treated with belimumab between 2012 and 2024. Outcomes included primary efficacy renal response (PERR), complete renal response (CRR), changes in proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary sediment, histological parameters, and immunological serologic markers, including anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), complement components C3 and C4, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR). Renal flares were defined according to the BLISS-LN criteria. Data on disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), adverse events, and concomitant immunosuppressive therapies were also collected. Results: The study included 202 patients, predominantly women (87.5%), with mainly proliferative LN (79.7%). At 6, 12, and 24 months, PERR was achieved in 70.7%, 71.1%, and 72.7% of patients, respectively, while CRR rates were 52.4%, 47.6%, and 49.1%. These outcomes were consistent with those reported in the BLISS-LN and BeRLiSS-LN trials. Early initiation of belimumab was associated with greater improvement in renal and immunological serologic markers. A ≥50% reduction in anti-dsDNA levels at 12 months was associated with higher odds of achieving PERR (OR 3.91, 95%CI 1.00-15.30; Conclusions: Belimumab use was associated with maintenance or improvement of renal response in a real-world cohort of patients with LN. The apparent benefits of early initiation, together with the observed reductions in corticosteroid and MMF doses, the favorable safety profile, and the low rate of renal flares, suggest that belimumab may be an effective option both in early disease and for long-term management. Furthermore, a ≥50% reduction in anti-dsDNA antibody titers may represent a useful prognostic biomarker of renal response in patients with predominantly proliferative LN treated with belimumab.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.