ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Impact of IL-21 on CAR T-cell manufacturing: phenotypic, metabolic, and functional outcomes.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Cytokines used during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell manufacturing can influence product differentiation and functional fitness. Methods: We investigated whether adding IL-21 to an IL-7 + IL-15 expansion regimen modulates CD84-directed CAR T cells (CART84) targeting CD84 Results: In healthy donor-derived CART84 cells, IL-21 supplementation was linked to an enrichment of less differentiated T-cell subsets, increased LAG-3 Discussion: Overall, our results do not support routine incorporation of IL-21 into IL-7 + IL-15-based CART84 manufacturing protocols and highlight the need to evaluate cytokine supplementation strategies within the context of each CAR construct and disease setting.
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