ArticleScientific reports2026
Waste-derived watermelon rind/Fe₃O₄ catalyst for synergistic photo-Fenton oxidation of azo dye.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The development of sustainable heterogeneous catalysts from agricultural waste offers an environmentally friendly strategy for advanced wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel waste-derived watermelon rind/magnetite (WMR/Fe₃O₄) composite was successfully fabricated as a magnetically recoverable catalyst for the synergistic adsorption-photo-Fenton degradation of SPR Red dye as an azo dye from aqueous solutions. The novelty of this work lies in integrating lignocellulosic watermelon rind with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to simultaneously enhance pollutant adsorption, catalytic oxidation, and catalyst recovery through a simple, low-cost preparation route. The synthesized composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirming the successful formation of crystalline Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles uniformly distributed over the biomass support. The effects of operational parameters, including catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, dye concentration, and temperature, were systematically investigated. Under the optimum operating conditions (pH 2.9, catalyst dosage 1.0-1.2 g L⁻
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