Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42711430›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2026

Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4

Aaron Fleming, Karen Neish, Rafael Di Marco-Barros, David A Posner, Colin Y C Lee, Andrew Stewart, Zewen Kelvin Tuong, Miles Bremridge, Ana Peñalver, Mia Cabantous and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Aaron Fleming *Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7909-1579
Karen Neish *Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Rafael Di Marco-Barros *Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-2317
David A PosnerMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Colin Y C LeeMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8380-4917
Andrew StewartMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-6338
Zewen Kelvin TuongMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-6808
Miles BremridgeMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4344-8243
Ana PeñalverMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Mia CabantousMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Nathan RichozMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Anais PortetMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Katherine HarcourtCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Eleanor GillmanMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-7270
Tammie Tao Min SowMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Tetsuo HasegawaMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-9491
David Ruano-GallegoDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Gad FrankelDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-1363
David WithersCentre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3757-7594
Simon ClareCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Menna R ClatworthyMolecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK. mrc38@medschl.cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3340-9828

Funding

RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/S035842/1Wellcome Trust (Wellcome) 098051Wellcome Trust (Wellcome) 102163/B/13/ZWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 107057/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 110199/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 220268/Z/20/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The meninges form the border between the brain and periphery and house a rich network of immune cells. Here we show that gastrointestinal challenges (intracellular or extracellular bacteria and parasites) reshape the nature of CD4

Identifiers

PMID42711430

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.