ArticleScientific reports2026
Metabolic predictors of response to immunotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer: unveiling the obesity paradox.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPD-1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy is increasingly used for locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer, yet the impact of metabolic factors-including the emerging "obesity paradox", wherein high-body mass index (BMI) patients demonstrate a lower risk of all-cause cancer mortality and superior immunotherapy efficacy compared to those with a low-to-normal BMI-on treatment efficacy remains largely unknown. Patients were stratified by BMI and metabolic syndrome (MetS) to assess survival and treatment response; a prognostic nomogram was subsequently developed via LASSO and multivariable Cox regression and validated internally and externally using the respective institutional cohorts. A total of 286 eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer from two medical centers were included. Patients with high BMI or MetS demonstrated significantly superior overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rates to anti-PD-1 therapy. These groups exhibited favorable immune profiles, characterized by a lower pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) and a higher combined positive score (CPS). A prognostic nomogram was successfully constructed and validated, incorporating four independent predictors: gender, BMI, TNM stage, and PIV. The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy for 24- and 36-month overall survival in both internal and external validation cohorts, with well-fitted calibration curves. Elevated BMI serves as an independent predictor of improved outcomes following immunotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer, whereas the prognostic trend of MetS appears largely dependent on body mass. Furthermore, our validated nomogram integrates these nutritional and metabolic profiles to enable refined prognostic assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42711346What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.