Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42711084›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Optimised carbohydrate dietary intervention for improving metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Ruiqi Zhang, Yuwei Lu, Nan Zhang, Dan Liu, Qian Wu, Jingyi Guo, Hua Zhao, Qian Li, Jingyi Yang, Yan Pang and 14 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Ruiqi ZhangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8620-8707
Yuwei LuShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-9273
Nan ZhangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Dan LiuShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qian WuShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jingyi GuoClinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hua ZhaoNicheng Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China.
Qian LiShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6425-2964
Jingyi YangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-8578-7617
Yan PangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ying ZhangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-0041
Piao KangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-4157-3446
Qinyi WangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qingqing ZhengShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Silin LiuShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hongfeng MaoShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoxue LongShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaojing GaoShanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
Rong ZengShanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
Mingliang ZhangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qichen FangShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Weiping JiaShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2168
Yueqiong NiShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China bernard_ni@sjtu.edu.cn huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-7354
Huating LiShanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China bernard_ni@sjtu.edu.cn huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-5545

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDietary modification is an important strategy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, with fibre intake recognised as a key factor in promoting metabolic health. Resistant starch (RS), a type of fermentable dietary fibre, has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to its association with weight loss, enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose metabolism. As nutritional research progresses, the focus has shifted from individual nutrients to overall dietary patterns. Based on this concept, this study aims to investigate the metabolic effects of a dietary pattern that optimises carbohydrate structure by increasing RS intake and reducing rapidly digestible carbohydrate in adults with pre-diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, randomised, parallel-controlled clinical trial, which will enrol 250 adults diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Eligible participants will undergo randomisation to receive either a guideline-based conventional diet or an optimised carbohydrate diet (OCD). In the OCD intervention, daily RS intake will be increased to approximately 40 g, with fibre intake rising to 20-40 g per 1000 kcal. At the same time, the intake of rapidly digestible starch and free sugars will be reduced. The intervention will last for 6 months, followed by a 3-month post-intervention follow-up period. The primary outcome is the change in postprandial glycaemic response, assessed using the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for plasma glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Secondary outcomes include the proportion of participants achieving remission to normoglycaemia or progressing to type 2 diabetes, changes in other glucose- and lipid-related metabolic parameters and changes in lifestyle-related behavioural factors. Exploratory outcomes will include changes in appetite-related hormones, circulating cytokines, immune function and multi-omics profiles. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No. 2025-122; Protocol V.1.0, 20250811) and the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control (Approval No. SZCCC-2024-011-01-PJ) and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Findings from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2500113583.

Indexed as

Dietary CarbohydratesDietary FiberPrediabetic StateAdultBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansMulticenter Studies as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicStarchBlood GlucoseDietary CarbohydratesDietary FiberStarchDIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGYInsulin ResistanceNUTRITION & DIETETICS

Identifiers

PMID42711084
PMCPMC13561004

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.