ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Current landscape and emerging trends of PD-1/PD-L1 research in prostate cancer: A data-driven atlas from multidatabase integration.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade has transformed treatment in several malignancies, its role in prostate cancer remains uncertain. Interest in combination therapy, tumor-microenvironment modulation, and biomarker-guided selection highlights the need to clarify research trends. To characterize the knowledge structure, hotspots, thematic evolution, and clinical-trial evidence on PD-1/PD-L1 in prostate cancer. Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R, and Python were used to analyze publication trends, collaboration networks, thematic evolution, and knowledge flow. Clinical-trial reports identified in PubMed were screened and summarized. A total of 2,641 publications were included, comprising 1,421 original articles and 1,220 reviews, involving 17,180 authors and 4,658 keywords. Annual publications increased after 2014 and reached a peak in 2022. Among the candidate models, the logistic model performed best (AIC = 116.4), with the fitted trajectory suggesting a possible slowing. The United States and China were the leading contributors, whereas Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom showed higher proportions of multinational collaboration. Research increasingly emphasized mechanism-driven and precision-oriented strategies, while exploratory and pan-cancer studies remain part of its knowledge base. The 13 included clinical trials covered diverse combination, but evidence was heterogeneous and no standardized treatment paradigm has yet been established. This multidatabase delineates the knowledge structure, evolution, and emerging directions of PD-1/PD-L1 research in prostate cancer. Current evidence indicates limited activity in unselected populations, whereas potential benefit may be concentrated in biomarker-defined subgroups and selected combinations requiring prospective validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.