Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42709798›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Heritability and social interaction in labor market outcomes: Evidence from the population of twins in the United States.

David Card, Jesse Rothstein, Moises Yi

Abstract readTwin Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Heritability and social interaction in labor market outcomes: Evidence from the population of twins in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

David CardDepartment of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3880.ORCID 0000-0001-6914-6698
Jesse RothsteinDepartment of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3880.ORCID 0000-0001-6140-0858
Moises YiCenter for Economic Studies, US Census Bureau, Suitland, MD 20746.

Funding

Extreme Ammonia Tolerance Mechanisms: A Model VertebrateR01ES011005 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI ROSENTEIL SCHOOL · PI WALSH, PATRICK JOSEPH · 2002 to 2004
$453k
NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES011005Russell Sage Foundation (RSF) 2407-49608
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We use data on 44,000 twin pairs observed as adolescents in the 2000 Census, linked to their earnings 20 y later, to study the heritability of labor market outcomes. We extend the Classical Twins Design (CTD), which identifies heritability from contrasts between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, to settings where an analyst does not observe zygosity but can measure outcomes for same-sex and opposite-sex twins. We also allow for the presence of a family- and sex-specific component affecting same-sex siblings but only partly shared by opposite-sex siblings. Our extended model identifies heritability from the difference-in-differences of same-sex vs. opposite-sex twins vs. siblings. The estimates indicate strong heritability (h-sq = 0.36) of log earnings. Using an AKM [J. M. Abowd

Indexed as

EmploymentSocial InteractionTwins, DizygoticTwins, MonozygoticAdolescentFemaleHumansIncomeMaleUnited Statesheritabilityintergenerational transmissiontwins

Identifiers

PMID42709798
PMCPMC13578378

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.