Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42709408›Full record

ArticleAge and ageing2026

Assisted dying practices for individuals living with frailty: prevalence and eligibility.

Tommaso Squeri, Christina Luk, Simon N Etkind, Annabel Price, Alex Ruck Keene, Sarah A Hopkins

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Age and ageing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tommaso SqueriWest Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Bury Saint Edmunds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5123-1429
Christina LukSchool of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Simon N EtkindPrimary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2863-8893
Annabel PriceCambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Alex Ruck KeeneCentre of Medical Law and Ethics, The Dickson Poon School of Law, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8856-8132
Sarah A HopkinsPrimary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5089-6496

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the high prevalence of frailty among individuals nearing the end of life, there is uncertainty around assisted dying practices (encompassing physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia) in this population.

aimWe aimed to (i) describe the prevalence of frailty among individuals accessing assisted dying (AD), and to describe whether frailty was the main condition or a comorbidity and (ii) where prevalence data are not available, determine whether individuals are likely to be eligible for AD on the basis of their frailty.

methodsWe reviewed publicly available statistics on AD usage and the relevant legal provision from jurisdictions where AD is regulated.

resultsOnly Canada and the Netherlands report the prevalence of frailty among individuals accessing AD. In Canada, 9.07% of deaths by AD in 2023 were associated with frailty (either as a main condition or as a comorbidity). In the Netherlands, 3.85% of deaths by AD involved multiple geriatric syndromes in 2023.We identified 11 jurisdictions in which it would be unlikely for frailty to be an eligible condition to access AD, 6 jurisdictions where severe frailty meets or would be likely to meet eligibility criteria to access AD and 14 jurisdictions where it is unclear.

conclusionThere is a lack of detailed reporting and ongoing ambiguity about eligibility of frailty in AD across many jurisdictions. These findings support the need for improved data reporting and clarity in regulation to provide more certainty to people living with frailty and their healthcare providers.

Indexed as

Eligibility DeterminationFrail ElderlyFrailtySuicide, AssistedAgedAged, 80 and overCanadaComorbidityFemaleGeriatric AssessmentHumansNetherlandsPrevalenceassisted dyingassisted suicideeuthanasiafrailtylawolder people

Identifiers

PMID42709408
PMCPMC13565127

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.