Thermal Performance of ternary hybrid nanofluid with activation energy and surface tension gradient using HCM and YOM models.

This study inspects the Darcy Forchheimer flow of MHD trihybrid nanofluid with heat generation is briefly examined using the expanded model, also known as the YOM (Yamada-Ota model) and HCM (Hamilton Crosser model). The momentum equation includes the Darcy Forchheimer permeable medium. The importance of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are examined. Accurate prediction of thermal processes is a major concern for the community of energy researchers as well as for those conducting research on heat transport. Using a basic mathematical model as a sample example, the current work aims to examine the properties of heat transmission when LTNECs (local thermal non-equilibrium conditions) are not present. Different thermal gradients are present in the fluid and solid states under the theory of LTNE. The system of ODEs is numerically solved using the MATLAB solver bvp4c by applying the appropriate similarity modifications, which are derived from the constitutive PDEs. The results show that as compared to the HCM model, the YOM has much better heat transmission capacities. Furthermore, the findings show that the liquid phase's thermal field decreases more sharply with a rise in the inter-phase heat transportation parameter, whereas the solid phase's temperature profile decreases less sharply. Additionally, when the Marangoni convection factor increases, the rate of heat exchange between the fluid and solid phases increases as well.