ArticleSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2026
Effects of inhaled lavender essential oil on sleep quality, pain, and anxiety in ICU patients after curative hepatocellular carcinoma resection: a quasi-experimental study.
Article in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to assess the effects of inhaled lavender essential oil aromatherapy on sleep quality, pain, and anxiety in intensive care unit patients following curative surgery for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
methodsIn this prospective two-group quasi-experimental study, 52 adults who underwent elective curative hepatic resection at a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan were enrolled between 2022 and 2023. Patients were enrolled sequentially according to the recruitment period, with the control group receiving usual postoperative ICU care alone and the intervention group receiving inhaled lavender aromatherapy as an adjunct to usual postoperative ICU care. On the evenings of postoperative days 1 and 2, two drops of lavender essential oil were applied to gauze held near the patient's nose for 10 breaths and then fixed to the collar from 20:00 until 08:00 the following morning. Sleep quality, pain, and anxiety were assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety, respectively, at baseline (T0) and two postoperative follow-up assessments (T1 and T2). Longitudinal changes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.
resultsFifty-two patients were analyzed (26 per group), with no significant differences in measured demographic or clinical characteristics between groups. In the adjusted GEE analyses, significant group × time interactions were observed for pain (CPOT; Wald χ
conclusionsThe findings suggest that inhaled lavender essential oil aromatherapy, when used as an adjunct to usual postoperative ICU care, may improve sleep quality and reduce pain and anxiety in patients following curative resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
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