Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42709147›Full record

ArticleClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2026

Obesity paradox in heart failure with and without diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study : Obesity paradox and DM in HF.

Ohchul Kwon, Minjae Yoon, Jin Joo Park

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01389843 completednot on this map

Registry (Prospective Cohort) for Heart Failure in Korea (KorAHF)

TypeobservationalSponsorByung-Hee OhRan2011 to 2018Enrolled5,625ConditionsAcute Decompensated Heart Failure
NCT04329234 recruitingnot on this map

Korean Heart Failure Registry Ⅲ of Korean Society of Heart Failure

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorSeoul National University Bundang HospitalRan2018 to 2027Enrolled10,000ConditionsAcute Heart Failure
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ohchul KwonCardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumiro 166, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0814-8321
Minjae YoonCardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumiro 166, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-655X
Jin Joo ParkCardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumiro 166, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea. jinjooparkmd@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9611-1490

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBoth diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are established risk factors for heart failure (HF). While obesity worsens DM outcomes, it may paradoxically confer survival benefits in HF patients. This study investigated the impact of obesity-DM interaction on clinical outcomes in HF. METHODS AND

resultsWe pooled data from two prospective Korean HF registries (KorHF, n = 3,200; KorAHF, n = 5,625). Patients were classified by BMI (≤ / > 23 kg/m

conclusionsOverweight status was associated with better prognosis in HF patients regardless of DM status, confirming the obesity paradox in both diabetic and non-diabetic HF populations. This obesity paradox was robust for one-year mortality but, after multivariable adjustment, was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Given the observational design, these findings should be interpreted as associations rather than evidence of a causal effect.

trial registrationKorAHF, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01389843 (propectively registered); KorHF, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04329234 (prospectively registered).

Indexed as

Body mass indexDiabetes mellitusHeart failureObesity paradoxOutcomesPrognosis

Identifiers

PMID42709147

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.