Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42707913›Full record

ArticleJournal for person-oriented research2026

Observation Oriented Modeling: Principles and Tools for Person-Oriented Research.

James W Grice, Saige L Schmidt, Emery K Thackerson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for person-oriented research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

James W GriceOklahoma State University.
Saige L SchmidtOklahoma State University.
Emery K ThackersonOklahoma State University.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Observation Oriented Modeling (OOM) is a person-oriented approach to data conceptualization and analysis that departs significantly from traditional methodological and statistical frameworks. Rather than relying on means, variances, and covariances, OOM focuses on the patterns formed by individual observations. Instead of estimating population parameters, OOM prioritizes the development of explanatory theories based on those observed patterns, reflecting a broader philosophical shift from logical positivism toward philosophical realism. In this paper, we illustrate the principles and methods of OOM through a series of re-analyses of published studies. These examples demonstrate how OOM can reveal meaningful behavioral patterns at the individual level that are often obscured by conventional aggregate analyses. In addition to being simple and intuitive to use, OOM encourages researchers to engage more deeply with causal models and less with statistical procedures. We conclude by discussing the broader implications of OOM for person-oriented psychological science and the field as a whole.

Indexed as

ecological fallacyObservation oriented modelingperson-centeredperson-oriented

Identifiers

PMID42707913
PMCPMC13548421

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.