ArticleBMJ public health2026
Association between air pollution, multimorbidity and polypharmacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To comprehensively examine the existing literature investigating the association between air pollution exposure and multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Eligibility criteria: Observational studies assessed the association between air pollution and the risk of multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy among the general population were searched. Only full-text original human studies written in English up to 1 April 2026 were included. Data extraction and synthesis: Data was extracted using a standardised data extraction template and analysed using Stata SE V.19. Estimates were pooled using a random effects model, with the Results: In total, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria in our systematic review and 21 of 22 were included for meta-analysis. After excluding incompatible effect estimates (increment other than per 5 µg/m Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient PM
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.