Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42707548›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Intensive Care Society2026

Incidence, risk factors, and microbial spectrum of external ventricular drain-related infections among adult neurocritical care patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Masoud Khoshnoodi, Negin Zameni, Armin Karamian, Alexander J Villahermosa, Brooke A Lajeunesse, Brandon Lucke-Wold, James S Harrop, Ali Seifi

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Masoud KhoshnoodiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Negin ZameniDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Armin KaramianSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alexander J VillahermosaDepartment of Neurosurgery, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Brooke A LajeunesseDepartment of Neurosurgery, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Brandon Lucke-WoldDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
James S HarropDepartment of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ali SeifiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-5041

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

External ventricular drains (EVDs) monitor and manage increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurosurgical patients. EVD-related infection (ERI) is a serious complication linked to significant morbidity and mortality. This review aims to determine the overall incidence of ERI, identify key risk factors, compare the effectiveness of different EVD types, and analyze causative organisms. A comprehensive literature search was performed on public databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) from inception to 15 July 2025. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool and Cochrane tool (RoB-2) were used to assess the quality of included studies. A random-effects model was applied for all meta-analyses. The overall incidence of ERI was 8.6% (95% CI 7.2-10.3,

Indexed as

EVDexternal ventricular draininfectionneurocritical careventriculostomy

Identifiers

PMID42707548
PMCPMC13547555

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.