ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Multi-decadal dynamics of ecosystem service interactions in boreal forests (NE China): trade-off synergy strength, drivers, and thresholds.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Quantifying long-term trade-offs and synergies among forest ecosystem services (ESs) is essential for adaptive management, yet the strength and drivers of these interactions over long timescales remain poorly understood. Seven key ESs in the Great Khingan Mountains (GKM), northeast China, were assessed from 1990 to 2024 using multi-source remote sensing data, including water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), habitat quality (HQ), leisure and recreation (LR), carbon fixation and oxygen release (CF), climate regulation (CR), and net primary productivity (NPP). A Trade-off-Synergy Strength (TSS) metric was developed to characterize both the direction and composite magnitude of pairwise ES co-change. SHAP, and self-organizing maps were integrated to identify dominant drivers and ES bundles. Results showed that SC, CF, CR, and NPP generally increased, whereas WY declined; HQ decreased markedly during 2020-2024, and LR peaked in 2015 before declining. ES interactions were mainly synergy-dominated, although LR-related pairs exhibited persistent trade-offs. Climatic variables accounted for 52.1% of the mean absolute SHAP contribution to TSS variation, while topographic factors mainly shaped ES bundle organization. Under the climatic-change conditions examined in the GKM, SHAP-based analyses suggested that positive TSS responses were generally associated with radiation, precipitation, and temperature growth rates ranging from -8.00 to 5.59 MJ·m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.