Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42706287›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

A global dataset of immigration flow composition by age, sex and educational attainment.

Dilek Yildiz, Guy J Abel

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Dilek YildizInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, University of Vienna), Laxenburg, Austria. yildiz@iiasa.ac.at.
Guy J AbelInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OeAW, University of Vienna), Laxenburg, Austria.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council 101094345Research Grants Council of Hong Kong 17614824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People at different ages and with different educational background have different migration patterns. However, international migration flows by age and educational attainment are scarce and not always comparable. We use a super learning algorithm with multiple initial models to estimate age and education composition of male and female immigrants for 199 countries over six five-year periods from 1990-1995 to 2015-2020. We access the performance of our approach through cross-validation and comparing initial learners with the super learner algorithm using multiple evaluation metrics. We also compare our age composition estimates against equivalent measures from Eurostat. The estimates indicate that while the proportion of immigration flows with higher education increase in all regions, Europe has the highest immigration flow with secondary or higher education.

Indexed as

Educational StatusEmigrants and ImmigrantsEmigration and ImmigrationAge FactorsAlgorithmsFemaleHumansSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID42706287
PMCPMC13550503

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.