ArticleNature communications2026
Immune niche composed of C1Q
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Survivin mRNA lipid nanoparticles and CTLA-4 inhibitor co-delivery activates anti-tumor cytotoxic T-lymphocytes for oral cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is a distinctive feature of a subgroup of gastric cancer (GC) but the underpinning characteristics of the immune microenvironment and mechanisms remain unclear. In the study, spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing are used on treatment-naïve HER2-positive and HER2-negative GC specimens to characterize the tumor microenvironment and spatial architecture with the aim of defining how HER2 status shapes the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its cellular interactions. We find that C1Q⁺ macrophages spatially and functionally interact with CD8⁺ T cells via Galectin-9 (LGALS9), which is downregulated in HER2-positive tumors. Knocking down LGALS9 enhancesCD8⁺ T cell function and suppresses tumor growth in a CD8⁺ T cell-dependent manner, further amplified by anti-PD-1 treatment. Conversely, SFRP2⁺ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) promote CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion through CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling, and knocking down CXCL12 reverses this immunosuppressive effect. HER2-positive tumors are characterized by an immune-favorable niche enriched in C1Q⁺ macrophages and CD8⁺ T effector memory cells but a decrease in SFRP2⁺ CAFs, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker for response to combined anti-PD-1 and anti-HER2 therapies. These findings provide insight into the spatial and immune landscape of HER2-associated GC and may inform future precision treatment strategies.
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