ArticlePoultry science2026
Vegetable trimming pellets in laying hen diets drive cecal remodeling and dose-dependent plasma-egg metabolomic dissociation.
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Vegetable trimming pellets (TVP) provide a potential route for recovering plant biomass as poultry feed, but their dose-dependent effects across production and biological compartments remain unclear. We evaluated diets containing 0% (A), 3% (B), 6% (C), or 9% (D) TVP (80% lettuce and 20% cabbage trimmings) in 240 17-wk-old Hy-Line Grey hens (6 pens of 10 hens per diet) for 12 wk. Diets had similar calculated crude protein, while calculated metabolizable energy decreased from 2.854 to 2.659 Mcal/kg. We assessed production, egg quality, serum, intestine, cecal microbiota and metagenome, and plasma and egg metabolomes. Full-period feed conversion ratio increased from 2.74 in A to 2.88 in D (P = 0.026), and average daily feed intake differed (P = 0.001), while egg production, egg weight, and egg mass remained similar (P > 0.05). At wk 12, shell breaking strength was lower in D than in A to C (3.55 vs. 3.92 to 4.02 kgf/cm²; P = 0.030), and yolk color differed among diets (P = 0.007). Serum hormones, several biochemical indices, catalase, and malondialdehyde differed at wk 12 (P < 0.05; marker-specific n = 3 to 6). Cecal community composition differed (permutational multivariate analysis of variance: R² = 0.571, P = 0.0006; dispersion P = 0.229), while Shannon diversity remained similar (P = 0.582). Five A-vs.-D metagenomic pathways met a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. In D vs. A, exploratory screening identified 254 annotated plasma and 338 annotated egg candidates, of which 62 and 80, respectively, also met FDR < 0.05; exact annotation matching identified one shared candidate. Graded TVP inclusion maintained major egg-output traits while producing dose-related shifts in feed use, cecal microbial features, and compartment-specific molecular profiles. At the higher inclusion levels, less favorable feed conversion and the lower late-period shell strength at 9% were the principal practical responses.
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