Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42704812›Full record

ReviewDrug delivery2026

Skin physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: current research progress, software comparison, and future perspectives.

Yafen Li, Yuxiao Li, Ya-Xin Liu, Han-Feng Zhang, Shengnan Zhang, Yun Kuang, Qi Pei, Guoping Yang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yafen LiCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Yuxiao LiXiangYa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Ya-Xin LiuCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Han-Feng ZhangCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Shengnan ZhangCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Yun KuangCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Qi PeiCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Guoping YangCenter of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transdermal and topical delivery systems (TDS) have emerged as the third-largest route of administration due to their ability to bypass first-pass metabolism and maintain stable plasma concentrations. Skin physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models mechanistically characterize the percutaneous absorption process, predict local and systemic exposure, and enhance research and development efficiency through virtual clinical trials. This paper first elaborates on the theoretical foundation of skin PBPK modeling based on Fick's second law of diffusion and compares the model assumptions and application scenarios of four well-established and validated modeling platforms: Simcyp, GastroPlus, Skin-CAD, and PK-Sim. The findings indicate that Simcyp provides a refined depiction of skin physiological structure and is widely applied in clinical evaluation and special population prediction. GastroPlus focuses more on the mechanistic description of TDS formulations. Skin-CAD, as a specialized software, is extensively utilized for

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalPharmacokineticsSkinSkin AbsorptionAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsHumansPharmaceutical PreparationsSoftwarePharmaceutical Preparationsdigital twinpercutaneous absorptionphysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelsTransdermal and topical delivery systems

Identifiers

PMID42704812
PMCPMC13552320

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.