Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42704582›Full record

ArticlePhotochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology2026

Targeting diabetes-induced brain damage by photobiomodulation: evidence of multiorgan protection.

Hooreen Kayani, Fatima Tu Zahra, Samra Noreen, Huraira Tariq, Aneeqa Noor, Adeeb Shehzad

Abstract read
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Article in Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hooreen Kayani *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Fatima Tu Zahra *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Samra NoreenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Huraira TariqDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Aneeqa NoorDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. aneeqa_n@yahoo.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-3161
Adeeb ShehzadDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes-associated neuropathy and cognitive impairment result from sustained hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Photobiomodulation (PBM) counteracts these by improving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress. This study investigated the comparative therapeutic potential of PBM alone and in combination with Metformin and Insulin, in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models. Pre- and post-treatment behavioral tests assessed nociception, sensorimotor performance, and memory. Histopathological analysis of the brain, sciatic nerve, and major organs, including heart, liver, kidney, and lungs, along with real-time polymerase chain reaction of neuroinflammatory markers (MPZ & BDNF), provided structural and molecular insights. All treatment groups showed marked improvement compared with diabetes controls, with combination therapy groups (PBM, Metformin, and PBM with Insulin) producing the most pronounced recovery in the majority of behavioral tests, histopathological analysis, and gene expression analysis. Monotherapies provided moderate yet meaningful protection. These results highlight the synergistic neuroprotective potential of PBM when combined with Metformin or Insulin and support these combination therapies as promising strategies for mitigating diabetes associated neuropathy and cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

Cognitive impairmentDiabetesMetforminNeuropathyPhotobiomodulationStreptozotocin

Identifiers

PMID42704582

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.