ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
BDNF as a biomarker for insomnia in hemodialysis patients: influence of hypnotic medication use.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThough insomnia is highly prevalent in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), it is often underdiagnosed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin involved in sleep regulation and neuropsychiatric function, has emerged as a potential biomarker for insomnia. However, BDNF levels may be influenced by confounding factors, such as hypnotic medications and dialysis-related clearance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BDNF, sleep quality, medication use, and dialysis in HD patients.
methodsWe conducted a single-center cross-sectional study involving 73 maintenance HD patients. Insomnia was diagnosed according to International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 (ICSD-3) criteria, and sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI. Pre-dialysis and post-dialysis blood samples were collected to measure plasma BDNF concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Standardized BDNF levels were used in logistic regression analyses.
resultsCompared with patients without insomnia, those with insomnia had higher pre-dialysis BDNF levels (6892 ± 2778 vs. 5561 ± 2552 pg/mL, p = 0.04). Post-dialysis BDNF levels remained higher in the insomnia group although the difference was not statistically significant. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that BDNF levels before and after dialysis were positively correlated with hypnotic medication use (r
conclusionBDNF levels appear to be associated with sleep quality in HD patients not using hypnotic medications, and this association may be modified by hypnotic medication use. Accordingly, BDNF may represent a putative biomarker for insomnia in HD patients without hypnotic medications.
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