ArticlePhysical and engineering sciences in medicine2026
Development of the noise theoretical formula for analyzing noise components on CT images.
Article in Physical and engineering sciences in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
We established a theoretical framework to analyze the individual noise components on computed tomography (CT) images and evaluated the relationship between CT doses and each component. The model was developed based on CT numbers and the relative noise standard deviation (SD) measured directly on the CT images, enabling noise decomposition solely from image-domain characteristics without relying on raw projection data. CT images of a quality control phantom were obtained at various CT doses using two CT scanners. We measured mean CT numbers and the relative noise SD at each rod position on the CT images and estimated each noise component using the proposed framework. The relative noise SD was expressed as a function of the transmitted dose corresponding to the number of photons through the phantom, where the respective terms in the formula represent the contributions of structural, quantum, and electronic noise components. Results showed that the proportion of quantum noise exceeded 70% at CT doses routinely used in clinical settings, remaining the dominant component. However, at lower doses (CTDI
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