ArticleJournal of neurology2026
GLP-1 receptor agonists vs DPP-4 inhibitors and neuropathic complications in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDiabetic peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with foot ulceration, amputation, Charcot neuroarthropathy, and reduced quality of life. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used therapies for T2DM, their comparative effects on neuropathy-related lower-extremity complications remain unclear.
objectiveTo compare diabetic foot ulcers, lower-extremity amputations, foot/ankle osteomyelitis, Charcot neuroarthropathy, and all-cause mortality in T2DM patients with neuropathy treated with GLP-1 RAs versus DPP-4 inhibitors.
methodsUsing the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, we identified adults with T2DM and diabetic neuropathy, unspecified (ICD-10-CM E11.40), initiating either a GLP-1 RA or a DPP-4 inhibitor. After exclusions and 1:1 propensity score matching for demographics, comorbidities, and medications, 19,770 patients per cohort were balanced. Outcomes were assessed over 1 year and 2 years using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.01).
resultsAfter matching, GLP-1 RAs were associated with a 1-year lower risk of diabetic foot ulcers (2.2% vs 2.7%; HR 0.813, 95% CI 0.716-0.922) and lower all-cause mortality, though the mortality finding was interpreted as hypothesis-generating. Amputation (0.5% vs 0.5%; HR 1.073, 95% CI 0.810-1.421) and foot/ankle osteomyelitis (0.4% vs 0.4%; HR 0.978, 95% CI 0.708-1.349) rates were similar. Charcot neuroarthropathy incidence was higher with GLP-1 RAs (0.3% vs 0.2%; HR 1.993, 95% CI 1.297-3.064). DISCUSSION: In T2DM patients with neuropathy, GLP-1 RA therapy was associated with lower risk of diabetic foot ulcers and higher Charcot neuroarthropathy risk compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, while amputation and osteomyelitis risks were similar. These findings support further study of GLP-1 RAs in this population and highlight the need for careful foot monitoring during therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42704495What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.