ArticleThe science of diabetes self-management and care2026
Experiences With Inhaled Insulin in a Real-World Sample of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in the T1D Exchange Registry.
Article in The science of diabetes self-management and care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to (1) describe characteristics of people who have used inhaled insulin (Afrezza), (2) explore their experiences with obtaining and using inhaled insulin, and (3) assess perceived impacts of inhaled insulin on quality of life (QoL) related to diabetes management.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was collected from adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) who currently use or previously used inhaled insulin. Participants were recruited from the T1D Exchange Registry. All participants responded to survey questions regarding their experiences with inhaled insulin; responses were compared between current and past users using Welch's
resultsThe sample included 151 respondents (89 current users and 62 past users), most of whom used a continuous glucose monitor (96%) and self-reported an A1C <7% (77%). On a 5-point scale, the most important consideration for continuation of inhaled insulin reported among current users was perceived effectiveness in lowering glucose levels (M = 4.8), while the most important consideration for discontinuation among past users was the out-of-pocket cost (M = 3.4). Using a 5-point Likert scale, overall QoL ratings were higher (mean difference = 0.8, 95% CI, 0.61.0]) among current users (M = 4.3) compared with past users (M = 3.5).
conclusionsIn a real-world sample of people with T1D and LADA, current users felt that Afrezza positively impacted their daily lives. Still, barriers to access remain. Efforts to reduce financial and obtainment obstacles may support broader use of inhaled insulin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.