Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42704050›Full record

Observational studyCritical care explorations2026

The Divergent Metabolomic Landscape of COVID-19 and Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Vassiliki Rapti, Spyros Foutadakis, Nikolaos Kakavoulis, Lamprini Skorda, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Garyfallia Poulakou

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Critical care explorations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04357366 phase2completednot on this map

suPAR-guided Anakinra Treatment for Validation of the Risk and Early Management of Severe Respiratory Failure by COVID-19: The SAVE Open-label, Non-randomized Single-arm Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorHellenic Institute for the Study of SepsisRan2020 to 2022Enrolled1,000ConditionsCOVID-19, Virus Diseases, Corona Virus Infection, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ViralArmsAnakinra
NCT04724044 phase3completednot on this map

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Clarithromycin in Community-acquired Pneumonia to Attenuate Inflammatory Responses and Improve Outcomes: the ACCESS Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorHellenic Institute for the Study of SepsisRan2021 to 2023Enrolled278ConditionsCommunity-acquired Pneumonia, Sepsis, Inflammatory Response, MortalityArmsTablets, Clarithromycin 500mg
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Vassiliki RaptiThird Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Spyros FoutadakisHellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos KakavoulisSecond Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio Elefsis General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Lamprini SkordaThird Department of Internal Medicine, Korgialeneio-Benakeio Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Evangelos J Giamarellos-BourboulisHellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece.
Garyfallia PoulakouThird Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo map and compare the serum metabolome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

designObservational matched cohort study using an untargeted metabolomics approach.

settingSerum samples were obtained at the time of hospital admission as part of two clinical trials conducted in hospitalized patients. PATIENTS: A matched cohort design was applied, including patients with COVID-19 and CAP, matched according to age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The patient samples were obtained from two clinical studies, namely the suPAR-guided Anakinra Treatment for Validation of the Risk and Management of Respiratory Failure by COVID-19 (SAVE) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04357366; European Union Drug Regulating Authorities (EudraCT) number: 2020-001466-11) and the A randomized clinical trial of oral Clarithromycin in Community-acquired pneumonia to attenuatE inflammatory responseS and improve outcomeS (ACCESS trial) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04724044; EudraCT number: 2020-004452-15). The total study population comprised 92 patients.

interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN

resultsA total of 3555 metabolites were detected, and differential analysis recovered more than 70% of the metabolome as altered between conditions. Metabolite pathway analysis highlighted pathways related to the citric acid cycle and arachidonic metabolism as activated in CAP, while COVID-19 was mainly driven by alterations in amino acid metabolism and metabolites related to mitochondrial function.

conclusionsExtensive divergence was observed in the metabolomic landscape of patients with COVID-19 or CAP, underscoring the disease-specific metabolic adaptations and providing potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic development.

Indexed as

Community-Acquired PneumoniaCOVID-19MetabolomeAgedClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as Topicarachidonic acidcitric acid cyclecommunity-acquired pneumoniaCOVID-19metabolomics

Identifiers

PMID42704050
PMCPMC13549596

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.