ArticleInternational journal of fertility & sterility2026
Association of Antiphospholipid Antibodies with Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in International journal of fertility & sterility, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) may contribute to recurrent implantation failure (RIF) in women undergoing Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed women with 2 or more unexplained implantation failures following IVF. All participants underwent repeated aPL testing-lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL) IgG/IgM, and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) IgG/IgM-at ≥ 12 weeks intervals. The primary endpoint was the cumulative live birth rate across the first 6 embryo-transfer (ET) cycles. The secondary endpoint comprised per-cycle obstetric outcomes and the influence of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Results: Among 125 women, 26 (20.8%) tested positive for aPL. LA positivity was the most common (59.3%). Across 327 embryo transfer cycles, the live birth rates were comparable between aPL-negative and aPL-positive groups (7.0 vs 7.8%, respectively). Only anti-β2GPI IgM-positive women achieved live births among aPL-positive patients. Cumulative live birth rates after 6 ET cycles reached 38% (95% CI: 15-56) for aPL-negative and 25% (95% CI: 0-46) for aPL-positive women. aPL positivity showed no significant association with live birth (adjusted hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI: 0.32-2.45, P=0.821). Prophylactic LMWH demonstrated no significant improvements in live birth rates [crude risk ratio (RR) 2.20, 95% CI: 0.73-6.62, P=0.163]. Conclusion: Live birth rates were similar between anti-β2GPI IgM-positive and aPL-negative women. No births occurred among LA-positive or aCL-positive patients. LMWH showed no statistically significant benefit. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings (registration number: TCTR20231003007).
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