ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2026
Thematic Evolution and Diversification of Bullous Pemphigoid Research: A Bibliometric Analysis, 1959-2025.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Bullous pemphigoid research spans autoantigen and basement membrane biology, diagnosis, comorbidity, inflammatory pathways, and treatment, but its long-term conceptual development has not been mapped. Methods: English-language articles and reviews indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded through December 31, 2025, were retrieved from title, author-keyword, and abstract fields. Records underwent AI-assisted first-pass screening followed by human review. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used for parameter-tested author-keyword clustering and a full-corpus title-term sensitivity analysis. Results: Of 3,471 screened records, 2,121 were eligible. Annual output accelerated after 2015 and exceeded 100 publications in 2022, 2023, and 2025. Author keywords were available for 55.1% of publications. The selected network contained 112 keywords, 889 links, and eight clusters. Among 924 keyword-mappable publications, autoantigens, autoantibodies, and basement membrane zone biology declined from 51.9% in 1959-1998 to 14.6% in 2021-2025. Therapeutic management and clinical outcomes increased from 7.7% to 37.8%, epidemiology and comorbidities from 1.9% to 20.8%, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid from 0% to 12.7%, and immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid from 0% to 10.8%. Diagnosis and related autoimmune blistering diseases peaked at 50.0% in 1999-2013 before declining to 24.3%. Inflammatory and immune effector mechanisms showed no statistically significant period variation after multiplicity adjustment. The title-term analysis recovered the major domains. Conclusion: Bullous pemphigoid research diversified from structural, immunological, and diagnostic foundations toward treatment, clinical outcomes, comorbidity, and medication-associated disease. Although author-keyword availability was incomplete and varied substantially over time, the findings provide a longitudinal map of the field, with temporal estimates reflecting relative prominence within keyword-mappable publications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.