ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Chlorogenic Acid in Antitumor Therapy: Multi-Pathway Mechanisms, Nanocarrier-Mediated Smart Delivery, and Synergistic Combinatorial Strategies.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advances and Hurdles of PLGA-Based Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain a global public health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Conventional therapies are limited by severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a widely distributed phenolic compound, has emerged as a promising antitumor agent due to its excellent biocompatibility and multi-targeted bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-apoptotic. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of CGA, focusing on three core aspects: (1) regulation of key signaling pathways (Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)) in tumor cells; (2) enhancement of host antitumor immune function through immune‑cell activation and cytokine‑network modulation; and (3) induction of tumor cell apoptosis via B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family regulation, oxidative stress, and metabolite synergy. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in nanocarrier-facilitated delivery of CGA, including metal-based nanocomposites, metal oxide nanoparticles, and functionalized liposomes, and establish a horizontal comparison table to analyze their respective delivery efficiency, tumor accumulation, biosafety and immune activation capacity, which effectively overcome its pharmacokinetic shortcomings, such as short circulation half‑life and poor tumor accumulation. Additionally, synergistic antitumor effects achieved by combining CGA with chemotherapy drugs or immune checkpoint inhibitors across melanoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma models are comprehensively discussed. This review provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation for the further development of CGA as a promising antitumor agent and its clinical translation, and outlining operable key challenges and future research directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.