ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal oncology2026
Global impact of hepatitis B vaccination on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global evidence on the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and incident hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including subgroup analyses by country/region, vaccine formulation, and dosing regimen. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 24, 2025. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID: 1355073). Studies were eligible if they reported HCC incidence or risk among vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations, included >20 cases, and provided extractable comparative data. Methodological quality was appraised using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool. Random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird) were used to pool incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and adjusted relative risks (aRRs), expressed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Sixteen studies encompassing over 5 million participants met inclusion criteria. The pooled unadjusted analysis demonstrated a 65% reduction in HCC incidence among vaccinated individuals (IRR =0.35, 95% CI: 0.26-0.47; I Conclusions: HBV vaccination is associated with a significant and durable reduction in HCC risk, independent of demographic, geographic, or vaccine-related factors. These findings are consistent with the view that universal HBV immunization is among the most effective population-level cancer prevention strategies worldwide.
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