Observational studyAllergy2026
Nasal Epithelial Immune Signatures Are Associated With Age-Dependent Asthma Trajectories in Early Life.
Observational study in Allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Adult Arm
The All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Pediatric Arm
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Nasal Epithelial Immune Signatures Are Associated With Age-Dependent Asthma Trajectories in Early Life.Allergy · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreschool wheeze is heterogeneous and only a subset of children progresses to persistent asthma. We hypothesized that early-life wheeze reflects divergent airway epithelial maturation trajectories associated with distinct mucosal immune programs.
methodsNasal epithelial transcriptomes from 265 children and young adults (79 healthy, 81 wheezers, 105 asthmatics; median age 10.4 [1.1-20.3] years) from the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) cohort were analyzed using a hypothesis-driven candidate approach based on predefined cytokine axes. Transcriptional signatures were mapped to epithelial cells by scRNA-sequencing. Asthma-outcome associations were assessed in age- and sensitization-adjusted multivariate models.
resultsThe candidate approach identified three antagonistic epithelial immune programs: an interferon-associated (E1; IDO1, CSF3, CCL20), a type-2-associated (E2; POSTN, CCL26, CST1), and a type-17-associated program (E3; IL36G, KLK7, KRTDAP). These programs were detected across basal, ciliated, and secretory epithelial cells. In early childhood (1-3 years), wheezers predominantly exhibited E1/E3-dominant epithelial profiles (n = 36). Age-group-specific comparisons showed higher E2 and lower E1/E3 expression in wheezers aged 4-6 years (n = 38) than in those aged 1-3 years (n = 36). E2 dominance correlated with IgE, FeNO, and eosinophilia (p < 0.01). In multivariate models assessing asthma outcome at age 6, E1 expression was inversely associated with asthma persistence (OR = 0.15, p < 0.05), whereas E3 expression was associated with disease progression (OR = 4.93, p < 0.05). The combined epithelial signature discriminated asthma outcomes with high accuracy (AUC = 0.90), independent of allergic sensitization.
conclusionEarly-life wheeze reflects distinct airway epithelial immune programs characterized by age-associated patterns in epithelial immune activity. Nasal epithelial transcriptional signatures capture molecular trajectories associated with asthma persistence and may enable early risk stratification.
trial registrationAll-Age-Asthma (ALLIANCE) cohort: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02496468; adult arm: NCT02419274.
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Registered trials
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