ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2026
Trajectories and associated factors of life-space in older patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: a mixed-methods study.
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOlder patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) face long-term health risks such as in-stent restenosis. Life-space serves as a valuable clinical indicator for assessing and predicting the overall health of patients. Monitoring changes in life-space can facilitate early detection of health status changes. This study aimed to identify the trajectories and associated factors of life-space among older patients following PCI, thereby prompting timely intervention and improving cardiac rehabilitation outcomes.
methodsA total of 236 patients were enrolled. During hospitalization, patients' general information was assessed. At 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge, the patients' life-space was assessed firstly, followed by semi-structured interviews with voluntary participants via outpatient or telephone. Purposive sampling selected 10 patients from the low-to-medium trajectory groups for qualitative analysis based on information sufficiency. Latent class growth model was used to analyze life-space trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine their associated factors. Conventional content analysis method was used to provide additional possible factors hindering patients from achieving high-level life-space trajectory.
resultsThe life-space of older patients following PCI showed an upward trend within 6 months of discharge, with an initial rapid increase followed by a slower progression. Three trajectory subgroups of life-space were identified: low-level persistently restricted group (18.14%), medium-level gradually improving group (47.55%), and high-level unrestricted group (34.31%). Factors associated with trajectory membership included times of PCI, single stent implantation, outings due to family affairs, exercise endurance, depression, and self-efficacy. Additionally, qualitative analysis revealed 4 categories of factors associated with achieving a high-level life-space: physical symptom fluctuation factors, psychosocial adaptation factors, information-cognitive coordination factors, and external environmental interaction factors.
conclusionThere were three distinct heterogeneous trajectories, including one with persistently restricted life-space. Factors associated with life-space trajectories include physiological, psychosocial, disease cognition, and environmental factors. Targeted interventions such as symptom management, psychological counseling, health education, and supportive external environment may promote life-space expansion.
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