ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026
Quantitative evaluation of choroidal thickness and vascularity in subclinical keratoconus: a cross-sectional EDI-OCT study.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in a subclinical keratoconus (SK) population.
methodsA prospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed on 42 participants of unilateral keratoconus (KC), defined by clinical keratoconus (CK) in one eye and SK in the contralateral eye along with 42 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. CT measurements were obtained at the subfoveal, nasal 750 µm (N750), and temporal 750 µm (T750) locations. Measurements of CVI, luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and total choroidal area (TCA) were calculated from enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for the inter-eye correlation between CK and SK eyes.
resultsCT values at all three measured points differed significantly among the study groups (all p < 0.001). Both the CK and SK groups exhibited significantly greater CT than the control group at all measured locations. CK eyes also demonstrated significantly greater subfoveal CT than SK eyes (adjusted p = 0.003), whereas nasal and temporal CT did not differ significantly between the CK and SK groups. The CK group exhibited a significantly larger TCA than both the SK (adjusted p = 0.019) and control groups (adjusted p = 0.005). No significant differences were observed in LA (p = 0.173) or CVI (p = 0.104) among the groups, while SA demonstrated a significant overall group difference (p = 0.011), which was attributable only to the comparison between the CK and control groups (adjusted p = 0.016).
conclusionThe findings demonstrate increased CT in both CK and SK, whereas most quantitative choroidal vascularity parameters remained unchanged. These observations suggest that choroidal thickening may represent an early structural alteration in the keratoconus spectrum. However, these findings represent associations only, and the underlying biological mechanisms and their prognostic significance cannot be determined from this cross-sectional design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42702657What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.