Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42702613›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Standardized chronic disease management reduces comorbidity risk in China.

Linfeng Liu, Yanjun Li, Qi Huang, Limei Ke, Guoqing Feng, Bo Yin, Wenxin Xiang, Miao Wang, Jiayao Zhong, Yuyang Liu and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Linfeng Liu *School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6768-8979
Yanjun Li *Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-8667-4814
Qi Huang *Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Limei KeSchool of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Guoqing FengSchool of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5989-5730
Bo YinSchool of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-3327-0084
Wenxin XiangSchool of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Miao WangVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jiayao ZhongVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yuyang LiuShenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
Qiannan TianShenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
Liqun WuShenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
Xiaofeng HeShenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
Huatang ZengShenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China.
Wannian LiangVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Kuiying GuSchool of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. queeninggu@163.com.
Jiming ZhuVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. jimingzhu@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-1525
Qian DiVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. qiandi@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-4770

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 42277419
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-communicable chronic diseases pose a significant public health challenge worldwide. China has launched a nationwide standardized Chronic Disease Patient Management program to provide primary care for patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, but its effect on reducing risks of other chronic diseases remains unclear. Here we show, using linked health profiles and medical records from 26 million residents in Shenzhen, China, that program enrollment is associated with lower comorbidity risk among 701,759 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and 320,179 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2017 and 2023. Instrumental variable analyses indicate that enrollment reduces overall comorbidity risk by 9% and 14%, respectively. Participants show lower risks for more than 20 chronic diseases. Intervention-specific analyses reveal heterogeneous effects, with alcohol-use, medication-adherence, and psychological support interventions reducing risks of multiple chronic diseases in both patient groups, whereas smoking cessation intervention shows more complex risk patterns among patients with hypertension. These findings support standardized chronic disease management for reducing comorbidity risk and highlight the need for personalized follow-up.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Disease ManagementHypertensionAdultAgedChinaChronic DiseaseComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSmoking Cessation

Identifiers

PMID42702613
PMCPMC13547214

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.