ArticleQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery2026
Altered corpus callosum development and corpus callosum-cerebellar spatial relationships in preterm infants at term-equivalent age.
Article in Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Preterm (PT) birth disrupts critical third-trimester brain maturation, particularly affecting the corpus callosum (CC) and cerebellum. As interconnected components of cerebro-cerebellar networks, their developmental trajectories and spatial relationships remain incompletely understood. This study used serial cranial ultrasonography to characterize these alterations from birth to term-equivalent age (TEA). Methods: This prospective observational study included 117 neonates, comprising 60 term infants and 57 PT infants. A total of 719 cranial ultrasound examinations were analyzed. PT infants underwent serial weekly ultrasonography from birth to 40 weeks' corrected gestational age (CGA), whereas term infants were examined within the same TEA window. CC morphometry, including CC length (CCL), CC curve length (CCCL), height, area, and thickness, CC-fastigium length (CCFL), CC-fastigium angle (CCFA), and vermis morphometry were measured. Developmental trajectories were assessed using nonlinear regression, segmented linear regression, and linear mixed-effects models. Multivariable regression was used to identify factors independently associated with morphometric outcomes. Results: At TEA, the PT infants had shorter CCL (39.8±2.3 Conclusions: PT birth is associated with quantitatively measurable alterations in CC development, cerebellar vermis size, and CC-cerebellar spatial configuration at TEA. Serial cranial ultrasonography captured divergent postnatal growth trajectories, including a late-PT inflection in CC growth and persistent enlargement of CCFA. These findings support ultrasound-based longitudinal morphometric monitoring of postnatal brain development in PT infants.
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