ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2026
Effects of various pelvic floor muscle training forms and combined regimens on muscle strength, function, and recurrence rate in post-vaginal delivery stress urinary incontinence patients.
Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effects of focused PFMT (Kegel exercises), generalized PFMT, and high-intensity combined PFMT on Pelvic Floor Muscle (PFM) strength, functional recovery, and Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) recurrence in women with Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence (PSUI).
methodsNinety-nine PSUI patients were randomly divided into three groups: Focused PFMT group (precise gluteal contractions), Generalized PFMT group (comprehensive PFM training), and High-Intensity Combined group (integrating both). After 4-weeks of treatment, assessments included PFM strength grading, urodynamic parameters (including Maximum Urethral Closure Pressure [MUCP], Maximum Urethral Pressure [MUP], Functional Urethral Length [FUL], Bladder Capacity [BC], and maximum flow rate [Qmax]), Urinary Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) scores, 1-hour pad test leakage volume, and serum Estradiol (E₂), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Relaxin (RLX) levels. Recurrence rates were assessed at 3- and 6-months.
resultsAll groups showed improved PFM strength after treatment, with the Combined Group exhibiting a significantly higher proportion of Grade IV‒V strength. Urodynamic parameters, IIQ-7 scores and leakage volume improved in all groups, with the Combined Group achieving the most significant improvements. The Combined Group showed superior clinical efficacy and a significantly lower 6-month recurrence rate.
conclusionCombining focused and Generalized PFMT effectively enhances pelvic muscle strength, improves urethral and bladder function, and reduces SUI recurrence. The efficacy of PFMT is closely related to training intensity, suggesting that a high-intensity protocol combining focused and comprehensive exercises may be the optimal choice for managing postpartum SUI. The therapeutic benefits may be associated with hormonal modulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.