ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
Exploration and experimental verification of triaptosis-related prognostic genes and cells in gastric cancer.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTriaptosis is a recently characterized form of programmed cell death with unclear implications in cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance and biological relevance of triaptosis in gastric cancer (GC).
methodsTranscriptomic and clinical data from TCGA-STAD and GSE62254, and single-cell RNA sequencing data from GSE183904 were analyzed. Triaptosis-related gene (TRG) scores were calculated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Differentially expressed genes identified in TRG-score and GC-versus-normal comparisons underwent functional enrichment, Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to develop an externally validated signature. Immune profiles, pathway activity, somatic mutations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), predicted drug sensitivity, and clinical features were compared by risk group. Single-cell analyses assessed TRG activity, prognostic gene expression, cell-cell communication, and pseudotime. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blotting assessed mRNA expression and protein levels, respectively.
resultsA TRG-based prognostic model comprising ASPN, GRB14, and VTN was developed and externally validated, effectively distinguishing patients into two distinct risk groups with notably different survival outcomes. mRNA expression of all three genes and their protein levels were significantly higher in SGC-7901 cells than in GES-1 cells. High-risk patients had higher stromal scores and distinct immune profiles; 15 immune cell types differed between groups. Single-cell analysis revealed fibroblasts and pericytes among high-TRG-active cell types. Prognostic genes were significantly overexpressed in fibroblasts, which also showed high TRG activity. Fibroblasts demonstrated enhanced communication with pericytes, whereas tumor-derived fibroblasts showed weaker communication with macrophages, indicating immune microenvironment remodeling.
conclusionThe three-gene prognostic signature predicted GC prognosis and was associated with distinct immune and genomic features, suggesting potential value for risk stratification and personalized treatment.
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