Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42700282›Full record

ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026

Neuroprotective effects of ketamine, lamotrigine, and ketoprofen combinations after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection.

Mila W Paques, Victor Bellanda, Renato Guizzo, Rubens C Siqueira, Antônio R M Silva, Ingrid U Scott, Wagner Ferreira Dos Santos, Rodrigo Jorge

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mila W Paques *Ophthalmology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Victor Bellanda *Ophthalmology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. BELLANV2@ccf.org.
Renato GuizzoDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Rubens C SiqueiraDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Antônio R M SilvaApplied and Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Ingrid U ScottDepartments of Ophthalmology and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Wagner Ferreira Dos SantosDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Rodrigo JorgeOphthalmology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis experimental study aims to assess the protective impact of combined treatment with ketamine (KTM), lamotrigine (LMT), and ketoprofen (KTP), agents that have demonstrated neuroprotective properties in other experimental contexts, on rabbit retinas in an experimental model of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil injection (SOI).

methodsThirty-six rabbits were divided into six treatment groups: saline, KTP, KTM+LMT, KTM+KTP, LMT+KTP, and KTM+LMT+KTP. All rabbits underwent PPV and SOI in the right eye. The left eyes served as negative controls. Histological assessments were conducted to evaluate cell densities and structural changes in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the inner nuclear layer (INL), and the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL method.

resultsThe KTP group exhibited reduced apoptosis and partial protection in all retinal layers. The KTM+LMT combination significantly protected the GCL. The KTM+KTP group showed notable protection in the INL. The LMT+KTP combination was effective for both the INL and GCL. The KTM+LMT+KTP combination provided the most comprehensive protection across the ONL and INL. The cell densities in the ONL, INL, and GCL were significantly greater in the treatment groups than in the positive control group.

conclusionThe combination of KTM, LMT, and KTP exhibited significant neuroprotective effects on rabbit retinas following PPV and SOI. These findings suggest the potential of this combination treatment as a therapeutic strategy for retinal pathologies.

Indexed as

KetamineKetoprofenLamotrigineNeuroprotective AgentsRetinal DiseasesSilicone OilsTriazinesVitrectomyAnimalsApoptosisDisease Models, AnimalDrug Therapy, CombinationMaleRabbitsRetinaRetinal Ganglion CellsKetamineKetoprofenLamotrigineNeuroprotective AgentsSilicone OilsTriazinesKetoprofenNeuroprotectionPars plana vitrectomyRetinal ischemiaSilicone oil

Identifiers

PMID42700282
PMCPMC13546312

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.