ArticleiScience2026
Over reliance on prior expectations in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Bayesian models of perception and action offer a powerful framework for understanding how cognitive processes are altered in MS. In this case-control study, we used a time reproduction paradigm within a Bayesian framework to probe cognitive dysfunction in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, applying a modified Bayesian observer model that partitions timing into sensory measurement, estimation, and motor stages. Both MS and control groups overestimated short intervals and underestimated long ones, but this central tendency bias was significantly larger in MS, reflecting an over-reliance on prior expectations relative to sensory-motor information. Modeling attributed this to greater measurement noise at the sensory stage. In healthy participants, bias increased with age; interestingly, this age-related effect was absent in MS, where younger and older patients were equally biased and resembled older healthy participants.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.