ArticleCureus2026
Dual Autoimmunity: Evans Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evans syndrome (ES) is an uncommon autoimmune disorder associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Patients generally present with petechiae, purpura, pallor, and fatigue. Diagnostic criteria include a positive direct antiglobulin test, reticulocytosis, decreased haptoglobin, and elevated indirect bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels. ES can be associated with other autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hepatitis. However, the co-occurrence of ES and multiple sclerosis (MS) is exceedingly rare in the scientific literature. We report the case of a 46-year-old female patient with MS and a previous diagnosis of ITP. Further diagnostic workup confirmed ES. This report highlights the need to consider ES in patients with treatment-resistant ITP. Additionally, it discusses MS as a co-occurring autoimmune condition with ES that warrants further investigation within the broader spectrum of autoimmune disorders.
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