ReviewFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2026
Engineering exosomes in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: from basic research to clinical applications.
Review in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Engineered exosomes demonstrate good biocompatibility, barrier-crossing ability, and programmable drug-loading capacity. Recently, they have steadily emerged as a promising area of study for precision intervention in sensorineural hearing loss. This review focuses on numerous main topics, including the selection of exosome sources and donor-cell pretreatment techniques, surface targeting strategies, therapeutic cargo loading methods, the mechanisms by which exosomes cross the blood-labyrinth barrier, and recent advancements in research on the role of exosomes in hair cell protection, spiral ganglion neuron protection, supporting-cell plasticity, and cochlear microenvironment remodeling. This review also examines the key challenges in the clinical translation of exosomes. It comprehensively reviews direct cochlear exosome evidence for hair cell protection and auditory protection, separating these results from indirect non-cochlear exosome evidence and theoretical engineering approaches for spiral ganglion neuron protection, supporting-cell-mediated regeneration-related mechanisms, and cochlear neurovascular microenvironment remodeling. In addition to outlining a framework that combines targeted delivery and functional regulation for sensorineural hearing loss, this review highlights the hearing-protective potential of engineered exosomes in preclinical models and requires further experimental validation. Despite the positive outlook, there are still notable issues with the durability of therapeutic effects, mechanistic clarity, and clinical translatability. Future studies should prioritize standardization of extracellular vesicle reporting, dose reproducibility, clinically relevant models, and long-term functional outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.