ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Immune dysregulation and pathogen prevalence in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a retrospective insight in children.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore the etiological characteristics and lymphocyte subtype features of pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with pleural effusion, clarify the influencing factors and predictive indicators of its occurrence, and analyze the manifestations of immune dysregulation in the children. Methods: This study retrospectively selected 104 children diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia in the pediatric department of our hospital from February 2023 to February 2025. The age range was 1-13 years old. They were divided into the mycoplasma pneumonia with pleural effusion group (46 cases) and the non-pleural effusion group (58 cases) based on chest ultrasound examination. Pathogenic identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and qRT-PCR. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3⁺T, CD4⁺T, CD8⁺T, CD19⁺B, CD56⁺NK) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Risk factors were identified using multivariate logistic regression, and their predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Among the 104 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the incidence of pleural effusion was 44.23% (46/104). A total of 59 pathogens were detected in the respiratory specimens of the aforementioned children. Among them, viruses accounted for the highest proportion (44.07%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (32.20%) and bacteria (23.73%). Mixed infections accounted for 66.10%, while single infections accounted for 33.90%. Compared with the non-effusion group, the levels of CD3 Conclusion: Among the 104 children diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia, viral pathogens were the most frequently detected in the respiratory tract, and the proportion of mixed infections was relatively high. Children with pleural effusion showed more significant immune dysfunction. The combined prediction model of these three indicators has a high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.924), providing a reference for early clinical warning.
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